Biceps tendon rupture

Tearing of the biceps tendon usually occurs while the biceps are subjected to excessive sudden force, often in sports involving maximum force exertion. A biceps tendon tear can also occur due to gradual overuse of the muscle. This is because repeated use can reduce the load capacity of the muscle. In this form, we more often see that the attachment at the bottom is involved.

Tearing of the biceps tendon is frequently seen in men aged over 50 years. The cause here is generally largely due to a bit of ageing of tendons. The biceps tendon has in the shoulder and somewhat less favourable location and is more prone to injury for this reason.

Due to the small space between the shoulder head (over which the biceps tendon runs) and the shoulder roof, the biceps is subject to compression, resulting in minor damage in the long run. Other factors that contribute to biceps tendon rupture are smoking and the use of corticosteroids(anti-inflammatory medication).

Tearing of the biceps tendon is often accompanied by an audible snap and considerable sharp pain. Physically, it immediately results in a decrease in bending strength and, when the elbow is bent, a distinct bulging of the bicep can be seen (the popeye phenomenon). Swelling may also be present and blue discolouration may be seen. It is a symptom with a fairly typical onset. Because of this, the physiotherapist will be well placed to diagnose a biceps tendon rupture during the intake interview and accompanying examination.

A completely torn tendon does not grow back by itself. Despite this, the recovery prognosis of a biceps tendon rupture is fortunately good. Through physiotherapy, you are generally able to perform your daily activities again in a relatively short time. A slight strength difference between the left and right arm may remain. In other cases, surgery is performed. This is done for people who have to put daily strain on the arm, for example for work or (strength) sports. Surgery is also performed when the lower part of the biceps (distal) is torn off. If someone qualifies, the aim is to perform the surgery as soon as possible, preferably within 2 to 3 weeks at most. This is because the tendon can start to retract quite quickly and scar tissue can form. These factors make surgery more difficult.

Rehabilitation after surgery takes time. It starts with wearing a sling(sling) in the first four weeks. A brace may be added over time to ensure that the biceps tendon is not under too much tension/stretch in the first weeks of the healing process. Rehabilitation is built up slowly, focusing on increasing mobility and load capacity. Most patients can resume all normal activities about 20 weeks after surgery. Almost everyone who undergoes this surgery regains full mobility and load capacity of the arm over time.