Common complaints

The movement of a limb of the body inward. Also called toward the center of the body.

The study of the structure of the human body.

Medications that reduce inflammation, often used to relieve pain and swelling in osteoarthritis.

The Latin name for a joint. 

A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, which can cause pain, stiffness and loss of range of motion.

Injury to the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, often caused by overuse or sudden movements.

Pain at the front of the knee, often associated with conditions such as patellofemoral pain syndrome, quadriceps tendon injuries and kneecap dislocation.

An inflammatory condition that leads to stiffness and fusion of the spinal joints, which can result in reduced mobility and chronic pain.

Measures to prevent injury during sports or daily activities.

Devices such as splints or bandages to provide support for joints.

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that causes inflammation in the spine and large joints, resulting in stiffness and pain.

A disorder of the inner ear in which patients experience episodic dizziness due to problems with the position of the ear stones.

Inflammation of the bursa on the outside of the hip, often caused by overuse or friction, which can lead to pain in the hip and side of the leg.

Damage or fracture in a bone due to trauma, overuse or osteoporosis, where physical therapy is used for rehabilitation and restoration of function.

Anti-inflammatory drugs sometimes injected into joints to reduce pain and swelling in osteoarthritis.

Treatment with cold to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

Pain in the tailbone (coccyx), often caused by injury, strain or illness, where physical therapy can help reduce pain and improve posture.

A chronic pain disorder that can occur after injury or surgery, characterized by extreme pain, swelling, changes in skin color and temperature, in which physical therapy can help manage symptoms and improve function.

Long-term pain that lasts longer than three to six months, in which physical therapy can help manage pain, improve function and promote overall well-being.

A condition in which the middle nerve in the wrist becomes pinched, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness and tingling in the hand and fingers.

Irritation or compression of a nerve root in the neck, which can lead to pain, numbness and weakness in the arm and hand.

CVA stands for cerebrovascular accident, also known as a stroke. A CVA occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted, leading to damage to brain tissue due to lack of oxygen. This can occur as a result of a blockage of a blood vessel (ischemic stroke) or due to bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke).

A condition in which the soft core of an intervertebral disc leaks through the outer layer, which can put pressure on nearby nerves and cause pain.

A technique in which a thin needle is used to deactivate trigger points in muscles and relieve pain.

Relieving pressure on joints or spine by traction or other methods.

A condition in which connective tissue in the palm of the hand thickens and contracts, causing the fingers to warp and cause limited movement.

Damage to nerves due to diabetes, which can cause numbness, tingling and pain in the hands, feet and other parts of the body.

A condition in which the intervertebral discs deteriorate and degenerate, which can lead to back pain, stiffness and reduced mobility of the spine.

Characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal postures, physical therapy can help improve muscle function and reduce pain.

The use of electric current to reduce pain, stimulate muscles or reduce inflammation.

A form of muscle training that increases muscle length during contraction, which can aid in strength development and recovery.

A condition in which tendon attachments to bone become inflamed, often as a result of overuse or microtrauma.

A condition in which the tendons on the outside of the elbow become inflamed, often as a result of overuse or repetitive motion.

A condition in which the tendons on the inside of the elbow become inflamed, often due to overuse of the forearm muscles.

An inherited disorder that affects connective tissue and can cause hypermobility of joints, skin elasticity and other symptoms.

Exercises aimed at improving specific movement patterns needed for daily activities or athletic performance.

Inflammation of the fascia under the foot, often accompanied by pain in the heel.

Exercises aimed at improving range of motion of muscles and joints.

A medical professional specializing in the evaluation, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

During flexion of a joint, such as the elbow or knee, the joint surfaces are moved toward each other. This leads to a decrease in joint space at the front of the joint and an increase at the back. The specific arthrokinematic movements involved can vary depending on the joint and its anatomy.

A chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, fatigue and tenderness in muscles, tendons and joints.

A condition in which the shoulder joint becomes stiff and painful, often due to inflammation and scarring in the joint capsule.

A fracture in a bone due to injury, overuse or osteoporosis, where physical therapy is used for rehabilitation and restoration of function.

The field of medicine that focuses on health care for older adults.

Exercises that use body weight as resistance to strengthen muscles and improve bone density.

A condition that causes pain and inflammation on the inside of the elbow due to overuse or injury. Also called epicondilitis medialis in the medical community.

Osteoarthritis of the knee, in which the cartilage in the knee joint is worn out, which can lead to pain, stiffness and reduced range of motion.

Specialized therapy aimed at restoring function and mobility in the hands and wrists after injury or surgery.

Exercises and techniques aimed at improving posture to prevent or alleviate musculoskeletal problems.

Assistive devices such as crutches, walkers or orthopedic shoes used to support mobility during the recovery process.

Therapeutic exercises performed in water, often in a pool, to improve mobility, strengthen muscles and reduce resistance.

A condition in which the big toe points outward and the joints become deformed, often caused by genetic predisposition, footwear or excessive stress.

A degenerative condition of the hip joint in which the cartilage is worn out, which can lead to pain, stiffness and reduced range of motion.

Pain or discomfort in the head area, often caused by tension, migraines, cervicogenic causes or other conditions.

A fracture of the femur (thighbone) near the hip, usually resulting from a fall in older adults, where physical therapy is used for rehabilitation after surgical procedures.

A condition in which the joints of the body are unusually mobile, often accompanied by pain, instability and other symptoms.

Exercises in which muscles contract without movement of adjacent joints, often used to improve muscle strength.

A condition in which the iliotibial band, a tendon-like structure on the outside of the thigh, becomes inflamed and causes friction along the femur, which can lead to pain on the outside of the knee.

A condition in which the sciatic nerve, the longest nerve in the body, becomes irritated or compressed, which can cause pain, numbness and tingling in the buttock and leg.

A condition in which the structures in the shoulder, such as tendons and bursas, become trapped between the shoulder blade and the head of the

Degeneration of the intervertebral discs in the spine, which can lead to back pain, stiffness and neurological symptoms such as tingling and weakness in the limbs.

A condition in which the iliopsoas muscle, a major hip flexor, becomes irritated and causes pain in the groin and hip area.

Techniques used by physical therapists to improve the range of motion and function of joints through gentle manipulation. Joint is joint in English.

This is a condition in which the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone becomes inflamed due to overuse. Physical therapy can help reduce pain, strengthen the surrounding muscles and restore normal movement patterns.

The smooth tissue that covers the ends of bones and provides smooth movement in joints.

Method in which elastic tape is used to support injuries and reduce pain.

A condition in which the spine is bent forward, resulting in a rounded upper back. Physical therapy can be used to improve posture, strengthen muscles and reduce any pain or restrictions.

Massage to improve lymphatic drainage.

A detailed assessment of an individual's gait pattern to identify any abnormalities or problems that may be related to knee osteoarthritis.

Exercises that place little stress on the joints, such as swimming or cycling, may be beneficial for people with knee osteoarthritis.

One of the four main ligaments of the knee, located on the outside of the knee joint, which provides stability and prevents excessive lateral movement.

A condition in which excess lymph fluid accumulates in the body, usually in the arms or legs, due to a defect in the lymphatic system or after injury or surgery.

Strong fibrous tissues that connect bones and provide stability to joints. Also called ligaments.

The natural curvature of the lumbar spine forward, which is maintained for healthy posture and mobility of the lower back.

An injury to the labrum, the cartilaginous tissue that surrounds the hip or shoulder socket, often due to trauma or overuse.

Irritation or compression of a nerve root in the lumbar spine, which can cause radiating pain, numbness and tingling along the trajectory of the nerve.

A condition in which an intervertebral disc in the lumbar spine bulges and presses on nerve roots, which can cause low back pain, radiating pain to the legs, numbness and weakness.

Instability of the knee due to injury to the lateral ligaments, such as the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Treatments in which physical therapists use their hands to manipulate joints, muscles and tissues to reduce pain and improve mobility.

An approach to back pain treatment that focuses on self-management techniques and specific exercises to reduce pain and restore function.

A customized exercise program designed by physical therapists to improve strength, endurance and mobility after injury or surgery.

Pain caused by trigger points in muscles and connective tissue, often treated with massage, stretching and trigger point therapy.

A condition in which a nerve in the foot becomes thickened and irritated, resulting in pain, burning and numbness in the forefoot. Physical therapy can help reduce symptoms through mobilization and exercises.

A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headache, often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and hypersensitivity to light and sound. Physical therapy can be used as part of a multidisciplinary approach to manage migraines and reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.

An autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness, coordination problems, fatigue and numbness. Physical therapy can help improve mobility, manage symptoms and promote overall health.

The meniscus is a cartilage-like structure in the knee that serves as a shock absorber and stabilizer of the joint. It consists of two crescent-shaped discs located between the femur (femur) and tibia (tibia). The menisci help distribute weight and absorb shock during movements such as walking, running and jumping.

An injury to the ligament on the inside of the knee, which can result in pain, swelling and instability of the knee.

Pain caused by damage to or dysfunction of the nervous system, as in neuropathy or radiculopathy.

Pain experienced in the neck region, often caused by muscle strain, injury or degenerative changes.

Techniques used by physical therapists to improve the movement and function of peripheral nerves through gentle manipulation.

A symptom of spinal stenosis in which narrowing of the spinal canal puts pressure on the nerve roots, leading to pain, numbness and weakness in the legs when walking.

This includes a wide range of conditions that affect the nervous system, such as stroke (CVA), multiple sclerosis (MS), brain injury, spinal cord injury, neuropathies and other neurological conditions that can affect movement, strength, coordination and sensation.

Treatments aimed at restoring function and mobility after orthopedic surgery or musculoskeletal injuries.

Injury caused by repetitive strain on muscles, tendons or joints, often seen in athletes or people with repetitive tasks at work.

Medications used to reduce inflammation and pain, often prescribed as part of treatment for various conditions, including injuries and arthritis.

An exercise used by physical therapists to assess the stability, strength and mobility of the entire body, especially the core and lower extremities.

An important part of physical therapy in which specific exercises are prescribed to improve strength, flexibility, endurance and mobility, as well as to reduce pain and restore function after injury or surgery.

A condition that usually occurs in adolescents and is characterized by pain and swelling just below the knee caused by excessive traction on the growth plateau of the tibia.

Also known as osteoarthritis, this is a degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage in the joints deteriorates, leading to pain, stiffness and reduced mobility.

A condition in which bone density decreases, which can lead to brittle and fragile bones that break easily.

Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow, which can lead to pain, swelling and restriction of movement of the elbow.

Pain around the kneecap due to irritation of the cartilage or soft tissues, often caused by overuse or poor biomechanics.

Inflammation of a tendon, often due to overuse, trauma or degenerative changes.

An approach to rehabilitation that focuses on improving muscle coordination and range of motion by stimulating proprioceptive reflexes.

Techniques and interventions used by physical therapists to reduce pain, including massage, heat therapy, exercise therapy and electrical stimulation.

The body's ability to maintain posture and balance during rest and movement, important for proper body alignment and injury prevention.

A training method in which resistance is gradually increased to build strength and muscle mass, often used in rehabilitation after injury or surgery.

A neurodegenerative disorder that causes movement disorders such as tremor, stiffness and slow movements, often treated with physical therapy to improve mobility and balance.

The posterolateral angle refers to an anatomical structure in the knee that is important for the stability of the joint. This angle is formed by the posterior (posterolateral) side of the tibia (shin bone) and the posterior side of the femur (thigh bone). The stability of the posterolateral angle is critical for preventing lateral instability of the knee and maintaining normal range of motion function.

Irritation or compression of the piriformis muscle, a small muscle in the buttock, which can cause pain, tingling and numbness in the buttock area and along the leg (sciatica-like symptoms).

Damage to peripheral nerves, which can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, muscle weakness and impaired reflexes.

This is a condition in which the tendon that attaches the quadriceps muscles to the kneecap becomes inflamed. It is often caused by overuse or repeated strain on the quadriceps muscles, such as running, jumping, or repeated flexion of the knee.

The quadratus lumborum is a deep muscle at the back of the abdominal wall connected to the spine and pelvis. This muscle helps stabilize the spine and move the trunk.

Irritation or compression of a nerve root in the spine, often resulting in pain, numbness, tingling or weakness along the course of the nerve.

The process of recovery from injury, illness or surgery, aimed at restoring function, mobility and quality of life.

An abbreviation for rest, ice, compression and elevation, a first aid treatment used to treat acute injuries to reduce swelling, pain and inflammation.

The range of motion of a joint, measured in degrees, which indicates how far the joint can move in different directions.

Factors that may increase the risk of injury, disease or complications, such as age, gender, lifestyle, genetics and occupation.

An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling and reduced mobility.

Damage to the tendons and muscles surrounding the shoulder joint, which can lead to pain, weakness and reduced range of motion in the shoulder.

A condition in which pain is experienced around or behind the kneecap during activities such as running, climbing stairs or squatting, often caused by overuse of the knee or improper biomechanics.

The force a muscle can generate during a contraction, an essential aspect of physical function and rehabilitation.

The loss of muscle mass and muscle strength due to immobilization, injury, illness or inactivity.

A treatment that uses shock waves to reduce pain and promote healing in conditions such as tendonitis, muscle injuries and bone problems.

Inflammation of a bursa, a sac of fluid that reduces friction between tendons and bones, often caused by overuse or injury.

The joint between the sacrum (the triangular bone at the base of the spine) and the pelvis, which provides stability to the lower back.

Partial dislocation of a joint, where the joint surfaces are not fully aligned, which can lead to pain, limited mobility and other symptoms.

Techniques used by physical therapists to stabilize specific segments of the spine and improve overall spinal stability.

The body's ability to absorb and cushion shock during activities such as walking, running and jumping, important for preventing injury.

A condition in which abnormal growth of vertebrae in the back leads to curvature of the spine, often treated with physical therapy to reduce pain and improve posture.

Irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, which can lead to pain, numbness and tingling radiating down the back of the leg.

A common type of headache caused by muscle tension in the neck, shoulders and skull.

A condition in which the soft tissue in the shoulder becomes trapped under the shoulder roof, which can lead to pain and restriction of movement.

Localized areas of muscle spasm and tenderness that can cause pain and discomfort, often treated with trigger point therapy, massage or dry needling.

Inflammation of a tendon, often caused by overuse or repetitive motion, which can lead to pain, swelling and limited mobility.

Measures taken to prevent blood clot formation in patients at risk, such as immobility after surgery or injury.

A surgical procedure in which the damaged knee joint is replaced with a prosthesis, often performed for advanced knee osteoarthritis.

A form of pain management in which electrical stimulation is applied to the skin to reduce pain by affecting nerve activity.

The part of the spine located in the thoracic region, consisting of 12 thoracic vertebrae, important for posture, stability and movement of the trunk.

A condition in which nerves or blood vessels in the area between the neck and shoulder become pinched, which can lead to pain, numbness and weakness in the arm and hand.

An injury to the neck resulting from sudden backward and forward movement of the head, often associated with automobile accidents.

A condition in which the spinal canal narrows, causing pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots, which can lead to pain, numbness and weakness in the limbs.

Pain and discomfort in the pelvic area during pregnancy, often treated with physical therapy to improve stability, reduce pain and maintain functional activity.